Wave 1 -- pre-primaryWave 2 -- primariesWave 3 -- spring and summer 2008Wave 4 -- general electionWave 5 -- post-electionWave A -- core panel profileWave B -- public affairs profilecase and interview IDgeneral perceptions of candidates and political figuresRepublican candidatesRudy GiulianiMike HuckabeeJohn McCainSarah PalinMitt RomneyFred ThompsonRepublican candidates overallDemocratic candidatesJoe BidenHillary ClintonJohn EdwardsBarack ObamaDemocratic candidates overallIndependent candidatesRalph Naderincumbent federal officialsother political figurescurrent issues -- opinions and perceptionscurrent issues in generaleconomic issueseconomy overalltaxestradehealth and social welfare issueshealth careeducationforeign affairsforeign affairs in generalIraqhomeland securityimmigrationsocial issuesabortionstem cell researchgay rightsmedia -- exposure and opinionsmedia exposure in generaltelevisionradionewspapersonline mediaopinions of mediacampaign discoursepolitical advertisingpolitical and civic participationinterest in politicspolitical discussioncontact by campaignscontribution to campaignswork for campaignsother support for campaignsgeneral civic participation and leadershiporientation to politicsparty identification and ideologypolitical confidence and efficacyperceptions of candidates' electoral chancesprimary electiongeneral electionvoting behavior and attitudesvoter registrationprimary electionintended primary votegeneral electionintended general election voteactual general election voteCongressional and state electionsprior electionsopinions of electoral systemconfidence in vote countingopinions of nominating systemsocial group perceptionsperceptions of racial and gender favoritismcomparative perceptions of racial groupsinfluence of social factors on electionsoverall perceptions of race and gender relationssocial reference pointdemographicssex, age, education, and incomeemploymentrace/ethnicityreligionmilitary servicehousehold characteristicshousehold/family compositiondwelling typegeographic locationInternet accessother demographicssexual orientationgun ownershipenvironmental behaviorconsumer behaviorrespondent keyRespondent key is an eight-digit number uniquely identifying respondents across interviewing waves.interviewing waveinterview dateInterview date is the date of interview completion, represented in the format yyyyMMdd, where yyyy is the four-digit year, MM is the two-digit month, and dd is the two-digit day of the month.Dates earlier than October 2, 2007, are for Wave B, the public affairs profile.tenure on KnowledgePanelRespondents are classified by when they joined KnowledgePanel relative to their first NAES interview. Respondents who joined recently are those who joined KnowledgePanel no more than two months before being interviewed for the NAES. The remainder of respondents joined KnowledgePanel earlier than two months before their first NAES interview.recognize picture of GiulianiFor the following picture, please pick the name of the person from the list. If you've seen this person before, but don't know the person's name, just click on "familiar, but don't know name." If the person does not look familiar at all, just check "not familiar with this person." \\ [Show picture of Rudy Giuliani.]favorability of GiulianiPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Rudy Giuliani. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]like/dislike about Giulianirated favorability of GiulianiAAg02 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Rudy Giuliani? If so, please fill in the boxes below.familiarity with GiulianiHow much would you say you know about the following person: Rudy Giuliani? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Giuliani is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: Rudy Giuliani? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.favorability of HuckabeePlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Mike Huckabee. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]familiarity with HuckabeeHow much would you say you know about the following person: Mike Huckabee? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Huckabee is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: Mike Huckabee? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.favorability of McCainPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: John McCain. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]like/dislike about McCainrated favorability of McCainAAm01 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about John McCain? If so, please fill in the boxes below.familiarity with McCainHow much would you say you know about the following person: John McCain? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.McCain is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: John McCain? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.McCain is trustworthyWhere would you rate John McCain on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]favorability of PalinPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Sarah Palin. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]recognize picture of RomneyFor the following picture, please pick the name of the person from the list. If you've seen this person before, but don't know the person's name, just click on "familiar, but don't know name." If the person does not look familiar at all, just check "not familiar with this person." \\ [Show picture of Mitt Romney.]favorability of RomneyPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Mitt Romney. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]like/dislike about Romneyrated favorability of RomneyAAr02 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Mitt Romney? If so, please fill in the boxes below.familiarity with RomneyHow much would you say you know about the following person: Mitt Romney? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Romney is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: Mitt Romney? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.recognize picture of ThompsonFor the following picture, please pick the name of the person from the list. If you've seen this person before, but don't know the person's name, just click on "familiar, but don't know name." If the person does not look familiar at all, just check "not familiar with this person." \\ [Show picture of Fred Thompson.]favorability of ThompsonPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Fred Thompson. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]like/dislike about Thompsonrated favorability of ThompsonAAt02 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Fred Thompson? If so, please fill in the boxes below.familiarity with ThompsonHow much would you say you know about the following person: Fred Thompson? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Thompson is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: Fred Thompson? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.overall impression of Republican candidatesOverall, what's your impression of the candidates running for the Republican presidential nomination? As a group, would you say they are an excellent group of candidates, a good group of candidates, a fair group of candidates, or a poor group of candidates?favorability of BidenPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Joe Biden. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]recognize picture of ClintonFor the following picture, please pick the name of the person from the list. If you've seen this person before, but don't know the person's name, just click on "familiar, but don't know name." If the person does not look familiar at all, just check "not familiar with this person." \\ [Show picture of Hillary Clinton.]favorability of ClintonPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Hillary Clinton. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]like/dislike about Clintonrated favorability of ClintonABc02 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Hillary Clinton? If so, please fill in the boxes below.familiarity with ClintonHow much would you say you know about the following person: Hillary Clinton? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Clinton is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: Hillary Clinton? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.recognize picture of EdwardsFor the following picture, please pick the name of the person from the list. If you've seen this person before, but don't know the person's name, just click on "familiar, but don't know name." If the person does not look familiar at all, just check "not familiar with this person." \\ [Show picture of John Edwards.]favorability of EdwardsPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: John Edwards. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]like/dislike about Edwardsrated favorability of EdwardsABe02 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about John Edwards? If so, please fill in the boxes below.familiarity with EdwardsHow much would you say you know about the following person: John Edwards? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Edwards is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: John Edwards? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.recognize picture of ObamaFor the following picture, please pick the name of the person from the list. If you've seen this person before, but don't know the person's name, just click on "familiar, but don't know name." If the person does not look familiar at all, just check "not familiar with this person." \\ [Show picture of Barack Obama.]favorability of ObamaPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Barack Obama. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]like/dislike about Obamarated favorability of ObamaABo02 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Barack Obama? If so, please fill in the boxes below.familiarity with ObamaHow much would you say you know about the following person: Barack Obama? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Obama is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: Barack Obama? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.Obama is trustworthyWhere would you rate Barack Obama on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]overall impression of Democratic candidatesOverall, what's your impression of the candidates running for the Democratic presidential nomination? As a group, would you say they are an excellent group of candidates, a good group of candidates, a fair group of candidates, or a poor group of candidates?favorability of NaderPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Ralph Nader. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]familiarity with NaderHow much would you say you know about the following person: Ralph Nader? Please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Nader is conservative--liberalUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place the following candidate: Ralph Nader? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.favorability of BushPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: George W. Bush. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]overall impression of BushPlease rate your feelings toward George W. Bush. Is your overall impression of him ...Bush job approvalDo you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling his job as president?favorability of Michael BloombergPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Michael Bloomberg. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]favorability of Bill ClintonPlease rate the following person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees: Bill Clinton. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]direction of countryDo you feel things in this country ...most important issueIn your opinion, what is the most important issue facing the US today?See also ^vCA03^.most important issue (out of five)Which one of these five issues is the most important facing the country?See also ^vCA02^.candidate who would do best job on most important issuenamed most important issueCA02 = 1--8Which candidate do you think would do the best job dealing with [most important issue facing the US in ^vCA02^]?government should do more or lessWhich comes closer to your view?Bush spent enough time on domestic issuesDo you think George W. Bush has spent too much time, not enough time, or the right amount of time dealing with this issue: domestic policy problems (i.e., problems in the US)?family finances better or worse than year agoWould you say that you and your family living here are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as you were a year ago?national economy better or worse than year agoThinking about the economy in the country as a whole, would you say that over the past year the nation's economy has gotten better, stayed about the same, or gotten worse?candidates who would do good job on economyAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling the nation's economy? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates who would do bad job on economyAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling the nation's economy? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.approve of Bush on economyDo you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling this issue: the economy?Bush spent enough time on economyDo you think George W. Bush has spent too much time, not enough time, or the right amount of time dealing with this issue: economic problems?own position on taxesWhich of the following options comes closest to your view on what we should be doing about federal income taxes?candidates who would do good job on taxesAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling taxes? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates who would do bad job on taxesAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling taxes? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.approve of Bush on taxesDo you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling this issue: taxes?own position on free tradeDo you favor or oppose the federal government in Washington negotiating more free trade agreements like NAFTA?candidates with views similar to own on free tradeWhich presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to trade agreements? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates with unacceptable views on free tradeAre there any presidential candidates whose views on trade agreements are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates who would do good job on health careAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling the health care situation? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates who would do bad job on health careAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling the health care situation? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.approve of Bush on health careDo you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling this issue: health care policies?approve of Bush on educationDo you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling this issue: education?hawk or doveDo you mainly consider yourself ...approve of Bush on foreign affairsDo you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling this issue: foreign affairs?Bush spent enough time on foreign affairsDo you think George W. Bush has spent too much time, not enough time, or the right amount of time dealing with this issue: foreign policy problems?own position on IraqWhich of the following plans for United States policy in Iraq comes closest to your own position?candidates with views similar to own on IraqWhich presidential candidates' views are most like your own when it comes to a plan for Iraq? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates with unacceptable views on IraqAre there any presidential candidates whose views on Iraq are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.approve of Bush on IraqDo you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling this issue: the situation in Iraq?candidates who would do good job on homeland securityAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling homeland security? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates who would do bad job on homeland securityAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling homeland security? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.approve of Bush on homeland securityDo you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling this issue: homeland security?Bush spent enough time on homeland securityDo you think George W. Bush has spent too much time, not enough time, or the right amount of time dealing with this issue: improving our security at home since the 9/11 attacks?own position on citizenship for illegal aliensPlease indicate whether you favor or oppose the following proposal addressing immigration: provide a path to citizenship for some illegal aliens who agree to return to their home country for a period of time and pay substantial fines.own position on border fencePlease indicate whether you favor or oppose the following proposal addressing immigration: increase border security by building a fence along part of the US border with Mexico.candidates with views similar to own on immigrationWhich presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to immigration? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates with unacceptable views on immigrationAre there any presidential candidates whose views on immigration are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.own position on abortionWhich of the following options comes closest to your view on abortion?candidates with views similar to own on abortionWhich presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to abortion? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates with unacceptable views on abortionAre there any presidential candidates whose views on abortion are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.own position on stem cell researchWhich would you prefer the government do: place no restrictions on government funding of stem cell research, ease the current restrictions to allow more stem cell research, keep the current restrictions in place, or should the government not fund stem cell research at all?candidates with views similar to own on stem cell researchWhich presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to stem cell research? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates with unacceptable views on stem cell researchAre there any presidential candidates whose views on stem cell research are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.own position on gay marriageThere has been much talk recently about whether gays and lesbians should have the legal right to marry someone of the same sex. Which of the following options comes closest to your position on this issue?candidates with views similar to own on gay marriageWhich presidential candidates' views are most like your own when it comes to gay marriage? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.candidates with unacceptable views on gay marriageAre there any presidential candidates whose views on gay marriage are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.sources of campaign newsFrom which of the following sources have you heard anything about the presidential campaign?hours watched TV last nightLast night, how many hours, if any, did you watch television between 6 and 11 pm?TV programs watched (part 1)heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsEA01rA = 1 or EA01rC = 1Which of the following programs do you watch regularly on television? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.See also ^vEB03^, ^vEB04^, ^vEB05^.TV programs watched (part 2)heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsEA01rA = 1 or EA01rC = 1Below are some additional television programs. Which of these do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.See also ^vEB02^, ^vEB04^, ^vEB05^.TV programs watched (part 3)heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsEA01rA = 1 or EA01rC = 1Below are some additional television programs. Which of these do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.See also ^vEB02^, ^vEB03^, ^vEB05^.TV programs watched (part 4)heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsEA01rA = 1 or EA01rC = 1Here is the last list of television programs. Please check any that you watch at least once a month.See also ^vEB02^, ^vEB03^, ^vEB04^.types of TV programs liked bestBelow is a list of different types of television programs that some people like to watch. Which of these types of programs do you like the best? Put a 1 next to it. Then select your second best liked type of television program, and put a 2 next to it, and put a 3 and 4 next to your third and fourth most liked type of program.frequency of watching network newsHow often do you watch national network news programs such as NBC Nightly News, ABC World News Tonight, or CBS Evening News?frequency of watching local TV newsHow often do you watch local news programs on television?frequency of watching cable newsHow often do you watch cable news networks such as CNN, MSNBC, or Fox News?frequency of watching Daily ShowHow often do you watch this nightly political program: Comedy Central's The Daily Show with Jon Stewart?This variable was not measured for all respondents in Wave B, as indicated by code 9999.frequency of watching Face the NationHow often do you watch this weekly political news program: CBS' Face the Nation?frequency of watching Fox News SundayHow often do you watch this weekly political news program: Fox News Sunday?frequency of watching HardballHow often do you watch this nightly political program: Hardball with Chris Matthews on MSNBC or CNBC?frequency of watching Late EditionHow often do you watch this weekly political news program: CNN's Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer?frequency of watching McLaughlin GroupHow often do you watch this weekly political news program: The McLaughlin Group?frequency of watching Meet the PressHow often do you watch this weekly political news program: NBC's Meet the Press?frequency of watching NewsHourHow often do you watch this nightly political program: PBS' The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer?frequency of watching O'Reilly FactorHow often do you watch this nightly political program: Fox News' The O'Reilly Factor?frequency of watching Situation RoomHow often do you watch this nightly political program: CNN's The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer?This variable was not measured for all respondents in Wave B, as indicated by code 9999.frequency of watching This WeekHow often do you watch this weekly political news program: ABC's This Week?This variable was not measured for all respondents in Wave B, as indicated by code 9999.radio programs listened toheard about presidential campaign from radio news or talk showsEA01rE = 1Which of the following radio programs do you listen to regularly? Please check any that you listen to at least once a month.newspapers readheard about presidential campaign from newspapersEA01rB = 1What newspaper or newspapers do you read regularly? Please list their complete names as well as you can, along with the city where they are published.visit websites for campaign informationheard about presidential campaign from the InternetEA01rD = 1Are there any Internet sites or blogs that you visit regularly which include information or discussion of the presidential campaign?websites visited for campaign informationheard about presidential campaign from the InternetEA01rD = 1Please list any Internet sites or blogs that you visit regularly, that is, at least once a month, that provide you with information about the presidential campaign.frequency of searching for Internet newsHow often do you search for news on the Internet?press too easy or tough on candidatesWould you say the press has been too easy, too tough, or fair in the way it has covered the presidential candidates over the past few months?candidate ads seenIn the past month, have you seen ads for any of the candidates for president? Please check the names of any candidates whose ads you remember seeing or hearing, either on TV, radio, or on the Internet.interested in politicsIn general, how interested are you in politics and public affairs?told people why to vote for or against candidateIn the past 12 months, have you participated in the following activity on behalf of a candidate for elected office: told any people why they should vote for or against a candidate?told by someone else why to vote for or against candidateIn the past 12 months, did someone else try to tell you why you should vote for or against a candidate?contacted by campaignsHas anyone contacted you on behalf of any of the presidential candidates? Select all that apply.campaigns that contacted by mailreceived mail from a presidential campaignKC01rA = 1From which campaigns have you received a letter or mailing? Check all that apply.campaigns that contacted face-to-facehad face-to-face contact with someone from a presidential campaignKC01rB = 1With which campaigns have you had face-to-face conversation or contact with someone? Check all that apply.campaigns that contacted by emailreceived an email from a presidential campaignKC01rC = 1From which campaigns have you received an email? Check all that apply.campaigns that contacted by phonereceived a phone call from a presidential campaignKC01rD = 1From which campaigns have you received a phone call or a phone message? Check all that apply.gave money to campaignIn the past 12 months, have you participated in the following activity on behalf of a candidate for elected office: given money to a campaign?worked for campaignIn the past 12 months, have you participated in the following activity on behalf of a candidate for elected office: worked for a campaign?attended political meetingIn the past 12 months, have you participated in the following activity on behalf of a candidate for elected office: gone to a political meeting, speech, dinner, or things like that?showed campaign signIn the past 12 months, have you participated in the following activity on behalf of a candidate for elected office: worn campaign buttons, put campaign stickers on your car, or placed a sign in your window or in front of your house?asked for advice on political questionHas anyone recently asked you your advice on a political question?more self-confident than friendsPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: I have more self-confidence than most of my friends.like to be a leaderPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: I like to be considered a leader.know what I want and how to accomplish itPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: I am the kind of person who knows what I want to accomplish in life and how to achieve it.influential in neighborhoodPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: I am influential in my neighborhood.personally acquainted with government official or member of mediaAre you personally acquainted with any of the following people? That is, if you met or called the person, would he or she recognize you or your name?community/civic group membership (part 1)Do you actively participate in any of the following types of organizations or groups?See also ^vKH08^.community/civic group membership (part 2)How about any of these types of organizations or groups? Do you actively participate in ...See also ^vKH07^.community activitiesPeople may be involved in their communities in many different ways. In the past 12 months, have you ...civic activitiesPeople may be involved in civic and political activities. In the past 12 months, have you ...party ID -- most recent answer (7-point scale)This variable is the main party ID variable. It indicates the respondent's most recent answer to the party ID questions ^vMA02^, ^vMA03^, ^vMA04^, and ^vMA05^. Computation of this variable differed by wave: \\ For Wave 1, if a respondent had previously completed a public affairs profile interview (Wave B), the party ID answers from that interview were copied to the Wave 1 data. If a respondent had not previously specified party ID in a public affairs profile interview, party ID was asked in the Wave 1 interview. See also ^vMA08^. \\ For Wave 2, all respondents were asked party ID in the Wave 2 interview. \\ For Wave 3, if a respondent had previously specified party ID (in Wave 1, 2, and/or B), the most recent answer was copied to the Wave 3 data. Otherwise, respondents were asked party ID in the Wave 3 interview. See also ^vMA08^. \\ For Waves 4 and 5, all respondents were asked party ID in those interviews.party ID -- new answer (3-point scale){Wave 1; Wave 3 : did not specify political orientation in previous interview}MA08 = 2MA08 = 2Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a ...See also ^vMA01^.Republican party ID strength -- new answerthink of self as a Republican {Wave 1; Wave 3 : and did not specify political orientation in previous interview}MA02 = 1Would you call yourself a ...See also ^vMA01^.Democratic party ID strength -- new answerthink of self as a Democrat {Wave 1; Wave 3 : and did not specify political orientation in previous interview}MA02 = 2Would you call yourself a ...See also ^vMA01^.party lean -- new answerthink of self as an Independent or of another political party, or have no party preference {Wave 1; Wave 3 : and did not specify political orientation in previous interview}MA02 = 3--5, 999Do you think of yourself as closer to the ...See also ^vMA01^.conservative--liberal -- most recent answerThis variable is the main measurement of conservative-liberal orientation. It indicates the respondent's most recent answer to ^vMA07^. Computation of this variable differed according to the pattern for party ID -- see ^vMA01^.conservative--liberal -- new answer{Wave 1; Wave 3 : did not specify political orientation in previous interview}MA08 = 2MA08 = 2In general, do you think of yourself as ...See also ^vMA06^.filter for political orientationSee also ^vMA01^, ^vMA06^.elections make government pay attention to peopleHow much do you feel that having elections makes the government pay attention to what the people think: a good deal, some, or not much?parties make government pay attention to peopleHow much do you feel that political parties help to make the government pay attention to what the people think: a good deal, some, or not much?best candidates or those with most money winIn general, do you think the best candidates win the elections, or is it just the candidates who raise the most money that get elected, or something in between?elections conducted fairly or unfairlyIn some countries, people believe their elections are conducted fairly. In other countries, people believe that their elections are conducted unfairly. Do you believe presidential elections in the United States are generally ...officials not interested in average personDo you agree or disagree with the following statement about political affairs in this country? \\ Most public officials are not really interested in the problems of the average person.someone like me can't influence governmentDo you agree or disagree with the following statement about political affairs in this country? \\ Someone like me can't really influence government decisions.This variable was not measured for all respondents in Wave B, as indicated by code 9999.citizen's duty to serve on juryDo you agree or disagree with the following statement about political affairs in this country? \\ It is a citizen's duty to serve on a jury even if it interferes with his/her private life.citizen's duty to report crimeDo you agree or disagree with the following statement about political affairs in this country? \\ It is a citizen's duty to report a crime even if it might put him or her in some jeopardy.citizen's duty to pay taxesDo you agree or disagree with the following statement about political affairs in this country? \\ It is a citizen's duty to pay taxes even if they seem unfair or too high.citizen's duty to keep informedDo you agree or disagree with the following statement about political affairs in this country? \\ It is a citizen's duty to keep informed about politics even if it is time-consuming.candidate most likely to win Republican nominationRegardless of who you might vote for, who do you think is most likely to win the Republican nomination for president? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.candidate second most likely to win Republican nominationnamed Republican candidate most likely to win nominationNA01 = 1--9NA01 = 2--7, 9Who do you think is second most likely to win the Republican nomination? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.margin by which leading candidate will win Republican nominationnamed Republican candidates most likely to win nominationNA02 = 1--9NA02 = 2--7, 9Do you think [candidate most likely to win Republican nomination in ^vNA01^] will beat [candidate second most likely to win in ^vNA02^] by a lot or by just a little?candidate most likely to win Democratic nomination{Wave 3 : think of self as Democrat or lean Democrat}MA01 = 5--7Regardless of who you might vote for, who do you think is most likely to win the Democratic nomination for president? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.Due to a data collection error, this variable was not measured for respondents in Wave 3 who were asked political orientation in the current interview (^vMA08^) and who have a value of not-strong Democrat in ^vMA01^.candidate second most likely to win Democratic nominationnamed Democratic candidate most likely to win nominationNA04 = 1--8Who do you think is second most likely to win the Democratic nomination? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.margin by which leading candidate will win Democratic nominationnamed Democratic candidates most likely to win nominationNA05 = 1--8Do you think [candidate most likely to win Democratic nomination in ^vNA04^] will beat [candidate second most likely to win in ^vNA05^] by a lot or by just a little?Republican or Democrat more likely to winThinking about the general presidential election in the fall {Wave 1 : of 2008}, regardless of which party you personally like best, do you think the Republican candidate will win the presidency, that the Democratic candidate will win the presidency, some other party will win, or is it too close or too early to call?Republican with best chance of winning general electionIn your opinion, which of the Republican candidates would give the Republican party the best chance of winning the presidency in November?Democrat with best chance of winning general electionIn your opinion, which of the Democratic candidates would give the Democratic party the best chance of winning the presidency in November?currently registered to voteAre you currently registered to vote?previously registered to votenot currently registered to voteRA01 = 3, 4, 999Have you ever been registered to vote?candidate would vote for this week in Republican primarythink of self as Republican or lean RepublicanMA01 = 1--3If you had to choose this week to vote for one of the primary candidates to be the presidential nominee for the Republican party, which candidate would you vote for?second candidate would vote for this week in Republican primarywould vote this week for Republican candidate (and think of self as Republican or lean Republican)RBa01 = 1--9RBa01 = 2--7, 9Suppose, for one reason or another, [candidate would vote for in ^vRBa01^] is not chosen as the Republican candidate. Who would be your second choice for the Republican nominee for president?candidate would vote for this week in Democratic primarythink of self as Democrat or lean DemocratMA01 = 5--7If you had to choose this week to vote for one of the primary candidates to be the presidential nominee for the Democratic party, which candidate would you vote for?Due to a data collection error, this variable was not measured for respondents in Waves 1 and 3 who were asked political orientation in the current interview (^vMA08^) and who have a value of not-strong Democrat in ^vMA01^.second candidate would vote for this week in Democratic primarywould vote this week for Democratic candidate (and think of self as Democrat or lean Democrat)RBa03 = 1--8Suppose, for one reason or another, [candidate would vote for in ^vRBa03^] is not chosen as the Democratic candidate. Who would be your second choice for the Democratic nominee for president?See note for ^vRBa03^.would vote this week for Republican or DemocratIf you had to choose this week to vote for either the Republican or Democratic party's candidate for president, do you think you would probably vote for the Republican candidate, the Democratic candidate, or a third party candidate?would vote today for McCain, Obama, or other candidate{Wave 4 @ 9/25/08--11/4/08 : did not early vote in presidential election or did not indicate early vote}RCb01 = 2, 999 or RCb02 = 999If the presidential election was held today and {Wave 2; Wave 3 : John McCain, the Republican, was running against Barack Obama, the Democrat | Wave 4 : John McCain and Sarah Palin, the Republicans, were running against Barack Obama and Joe Biden, the Democrats}, who would you vote for?would vote today for McCain or ClintonIf the presidential election was held today and John McCain, the Republican, was running against Hillary Clinton, the Democrat, who would you vote for?definitely will vote for McCainwould vote today for McCainRCa02 = 1Will you definitely vote for John McCain for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely?definitely will vote for Obamawould vote today for ObamaRCa02 = 2Will you definitely vote for Barack Obama for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely?definitely will vote for Naderwould vote today for NaderRCa02 = 3Will you definitely vote for Ralph Nader for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely?definitely will vote for Barrwould vote today for BarrRCa02 = 4Will you definitely vote for Bob Barr for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely?early voted (asked pre-election)Some states allow individuals to vote before Election Day, that is vote early at a polling station or by filling out an absentee ballot. How about you? Have you already voted in this year's presidential election, or not?See also ^vRCb04^, ^vRCb06^.candidate early voted for (asked pre-election)early voted in presidential electionRCb01 = 1In the 2008 presidential election who did you vote for?See also ^vRCb05^.date of early voting (asked pre-election)early voted in presidential electionRCb01 = 1On what date did you cast your ballot early in the general election?See also ^vRCb07^.voted (asked post-election)This question is about the 2008 November election. In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren't registered, they were sick, or they just didn't have time. Which of the following statements best describes you?See also ^vRCb06^, ^vRCb01^.candidate voted for (asked post-election)voted in presidential electionRCb04 = 4In the 2008 presidential election who did you vote for?See also ^vRCb02^.early voted (asked post-election)voted in presidential electionRCb04 = 4Some states allow individuals to vote before Election Day, that is vote early at a polling station or by filling out an absentee ballot. How about you? Did you vote early in the November election or did you vote on Election Day?See also ^vRCb04^, ^vRCb01^.date of early voting (asked post-election)early voted in presidential electionRCb06 = 1When did you cast your ballot early in the general election?See also ^vRCb03^.method of early votingearly voted in presidential electionRCb06 = 1How did you cast your ballot?would change early voteearly voted in presidential electionRCb06 = 1If you voted at the polls on Election Day, would your vote for president have been different than it was on your early ballot?when decided on candidate to vote forvoted in presidential electionRCb04 = 4When did you finally decide for whom to vote in the presidential election?reason why Obama wonAs you've probably heard, Barack Obama won the recent presidential election. Why do you think more people voted for Barack Obama than John McCain?US House candidate voted forIn the November election you were able to vote for a member of Congress, that is the US House of Representatives in Washington. Did you vote for ...The respondent's congressional district was computed based on the most up-to-date KnowledgePanel data available as of the start of Wave 5. \\ In a minority of cases, this computation may deviate from the geographic data recorded in Wave A variables (e.g., state of residency, variable ^vWFc01^). Any deviation is because Wave A reflects the most recent core profile data collected within one year before the respondent's first NAES interview, and does not account for changes between Wave A and Wave 5 (e.g., cases in which a respondent moved residences).US Senate candidate voted forIn the election you were able to vote for a US senator. Did you vote for ...To determine Senate race status, the respondent's state of residency was computed based on the most up-to-date KnowledgePanel data available as of the start of Wave 5. \\ In a minority of cases, this computation may deviate from the geographic data recorded in Wave A variables (e.g., variable ^vWFc01^). Any deviation is because Wave A reflects the most recent core profile data collected within one year before the respondent's first NAES interview, and does not account for changes between Wave A and Wave 5 (e.g., cases in which a respondent moved residences).US Senate candidate voted for (special election)There was also a special election for US senator in your state. In that election, did you vote for ...To determine Senate race status, the respondent's state of residency was computed based on the most up-to-date KnowledgePanel data available as of the start of Wave 5. \\ In a minority of cases, this computation may deviate from the geographic data recorded in Wave A variables (e.g., variable ^vWFc01^). Any deviation is because Wave A reflects the most recent core profile data collected within one year before the respondent's first NAES interview, and does not account for changes between Wave A and Wave 5 (e.g., cases in which a respondent moved residences).gubernatorial candidate voted forIn the election you were able to vote for governor. Did you vote for ...To determine gubernatorial race status, the respondent's state of residency was computed based on the most up-to-date KnowledgePanel data available as of the start of Wave 5. \\ In a minority of cases, this computation may deviate from the geographic data recorded in Wave A variables (e.g., variable ^vWFc01^). Any deviation is because Wave A reflects the most recent core profile data collected within one year before the respondent's first NAES interview, and does not account for changes between Wave A and Wave 5 (e.g., cases in which a respondent moved residences).voted in 2004 presidential election{Wave B : currently or previously registered to vote}RA01 = 1, 2 or RA02 = 1In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren't registered, they were sick, or they just didn't have time. Did you happen to vote in the 2004 presidential election?candidate voted for in 2004 presidential electionvoted in 2004 presidential electionRD01 = 1Which candidate did you vote for in the 2004 presidential election?voted in 2006 congressional electioncurrently or previously registered to voteRA01 = 1, 2 or RA02 = 1Did you happen to vote in the 2006 congressional election?This variable was not measured for all respondents in Wave B, as indicated by code 9999.candidate voted for in 2006 congressional electionvoted in 2006 congressional electionRD03 = 1Which candidate did you vote for in your congressional district in 2006?This variable was not measured for all respondents in Wave B; see ^vRD03^.confident votes accurately counted{Wave 1 : When Election Day comes, how confident are you that the votes across the country will be accurately counted? | Wave 5 : How confident are you that the votes across the country were accurately counted on Election Day?}primaries good or bad way of picking candidatesThinking about the presidential primaries generally, do you think they are a good way of picking the best candidates, or a bad way of picking the best qualified candidates?primaries very or somewhat good way of picking candidatesthink presidential primaries are a good way of picking candidatesREb01 = 1Is it (from ^vREb01^, the primary system) a very good way to pick the best qualified candidates, or just a somewhat good way to pick the best candidates?primaries very or somewhat bad way of picking candidatesthink presidential primaries are a bad way of picking candidatesREb01 = 2Is it (from ^vREb01^, the primary system) a very bad way to pick the best qualified candidates, or just a somewhat bad way to pick the best candidates?early primaries have too much or too little influence on primary outcomesHow much influence do you think the following has on the outcome of primary elections: the outcome of the early primaries?news media have too much or too little influence on primary outcomesHow much influence do you think the following has on the outcome of primary elections: the news media?advertising has too much or too little influence on primary outcomesHow much influence do you think the following has on the outcome of primary elections: political advertising?voters have too much or too little influence on primary outcomesHow much influence do you think the following has on the outcome of primary elections: voters?nominating system works or needs changesThe Republicans and Democrats use state primaries or caucuses and nominating conventions to select their presidential candidates. Do you think the system works well enough as it is now, or does it need some changes?single national primary would improve nominating systemthink presidential nominating system needs changesREb08 = 2Following is a proposed change in the way the parties' presidential nominees are chosen. Please tell us if you think this change would improve the system for selecting presidential candidates a lot, a little, or not at all: a single national primary in which everyone in the country votes on the same day.regional primaries in changing order would improve nominating systemthink presidential nominating system needs changesREb08 = 2Following is a proposed change in the way the parties' presidential nominees are chosen. Please tell us if you think this change would improve the system for selecting presidential candidates a lot, a little, or not at all: a series of regional primaries in which groups of states all vote on the same day, but the order the regions vote in changes with each election.individual state primaries in changing order would improve nominating systemthink presidential nominating system needs changesREb08 = 2Following is a proposed change in the way the parties' presidential nominees are chosen. Please tell us if you think this change would improve the system for selecting presidential candidates a lot, a little, or not at all: the current system of individual state primaries and caucuses, but in an order that changes with each election.heard about superdelegatesRecently, there has been some discussion about the role of "superdelegates" in selecting the presidential candidates for each party. Have you heard anything about superdelegates?how superdelegates should votehave heard or might have heard about superdelegatesREb12 = 1, 3In your opinion, how should the superdelegates cast their votes at the party convention? Should they ...black officials more likely to favor blacks for government jobsPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Black elected officials are more likely to favor blacks for government jobs over white applicants.black officials more likely to support government spending for blacksPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Black elected officials are more likely to support government spending that favors blacks.black officials more likely to support policies that could cost whites jobsPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Black elected officials are more likely to support policies that could cost whites jobs.black officials more likely to give favors to black communityPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Black elected officials are more likely to give special favors to the black community.good or bad if black officials favor blacksThinking about the statements you just read (^vSA01^, ^vSA02^, ^vSA03^, ^vSA04^), would it be good or bad if black elected officials favored blacks?female officials more likely to favor women for government jobsPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Female elected officials are more likely to favor women for government jobs over male applicants.female officials more likely to promote education for girls at expense of boysPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Female elected officials are more likely to promote educational programs targeted at girls at the expense of boys.female officials more likely to support government spending for womenPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Female elected officials are more likely to support government spending that favors women.female officials more likely to focus on women's issuesPlease tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Female elected officials are more likely to focus on issues that mainly affect women.good or bad if female officials favor womenThinking about the statements you just read (^vSA06^, ^vSA07^, ^vSA08^, ^vSA09^), would it be good or bad if female elected officials favored women?own ethnic group is hardworkingrespondent is white, black, or HispanicSE01 = 1--6Where would you rate ([if white in ^vSE01^:] whites / [if black:] blacks / [if Hispanic:] Hispanic Americans) in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]See note for ^vSE01^.own ethnic group is intelligentrespondent is white, black, or HispanicSE01 = 1--6Where would you rate ([if white in ^vSE01^:] whites / [if black:] blacks / [if Hispanic:] Hispanic Americans) in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely intelligent" at left, "extremely unintelligent" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]See note for ^vSE01^.own ethnic group is trustworthyrespondent is white, black, or HispanicSE01 = 1--6Where would you rate ([if white in ^vSE01^:] whites / [if black:] blacks / [if Hispanic:] Hispanic Americans) in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]See note for ^vSE01^.other ethnic group is hardworkingrespondent is white, black, or HispanicSE01 = 1--6Where would you rate ([if non-black in ^vSE01^:] blacks / [if black:] whites) in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]See note for ^vSE01^.other ethnic group is intelligentrespondent is white, black, or HispanicSE01 = 1--6Where would you rate ([if non-black in ^vSE01^:] blacks / [if black:] whites) in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely intelligent" at left, "extremely unintelligent" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]See note for ^vSE01^.other ethnic group is trustworthyrespondent is white, black, or HispanicSE01 = 1--6Where would you rate ([if non-black in ^vSE01^:] blacks / [if black:] whites) in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]See note for ^vSE01^.physicians are hardworkingrespondent is white, black, or HispanicSE01 = 1--6Where would you rate physicians in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]See note for ^vSE01^.most whites believe blacks are lazyDo you think that most white Americans hold the following perception of black Americans, or not: the perception that blacks are lazy?most whites believe blacks are religiousDo you think that most white Americans hold the following perception of black Americans, or not: the perception that blacks are religious?most whites believe blacks are less intelligent than whitesDo you think that most white Americans hold the following perception of black Americans, or not: the perception that blacks are less intelligent than whites?most whites believe blacks are better athletes than whitesDo you think that most white Americans hold the following perception of black Americans, or not: the perception that blacks are better athletes than whites?most whites believe blacks have no self disciplineDo you think that most white Americans hold the following perception of black Americans, or not: the perception that blacks have no self-discipline?most whites believe blacks are patrioticDo you think that most white Americans hold the following perception of black Americans, or not: the perception that blacks are patriotic?most whites believe blacks are good parentsDo you think that most white Americans hold the following perception of black Americans, or not: the perception that blacks are good parents?most whites believe blacks are more likely to abuse drugsDo you think that most white Americans hold the following perception of black Americans, or not: the perception that blacks are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol?black candidate more or less likely to winSetting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a black candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a white candidate for president?female candidate more or less likely to winSetting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a female candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a male candidate for president?Mormon candidate more or less likely to winSetting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a Mormon candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a candidate of another religion?more or less likely to vote for Mormon candidateWould you personally be more likely to vote for a presidential candidate who is a Mormon, less likely to vote for him, or no more or less likely to vote for him?importance of race in candidate choicevoted in presidential electionRCb04 = 4In deciding your vote for president, was the race of the candidate ...race relations good or badIn general, do you think race relations in the United States are very good, fairly good, fairly bad, very bad, or neither good nor bad?race relations have gotten better or worseOver the course of the past 10 years, do you feel that race relations have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?race relations will get better or worseLooking ahead 10 years from today, do you feel that race relations will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?blacks should build relations with whites or build own priderespondent is blackSE01 = 3, 4Is it more important for blacks to build good relations with whites or for blacks to build pride and respect for themselves, even if it means causing tension between blacks and whites?See note for ^vSE01^.blacks should control black economiesrespondent is blackSE01 = 3, 4Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Blacks should have control over the economy in mostly black communities.See note for ^vSE01^.blacks should shop in black-owned storesrespondent is blackSE01 = 3, 4Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: Black people should shop in stores owned by other blacks whenever possible.See note for ^vSE01^.what happens to blacks affects own liferespondent is blackSE01 = 3, 4Do you think what happens generally to black people in this country will have something to do with what happens in your life, or not?See note for ^vSE01^.degree to which what happens to blacks affects own lifethink what happens to blacks in the country will affect own life (and respondent is black)SD07 = 1Will it (from ^vSD07^, what happens to blacks) affect you a lot, some, or not very much?See note for ^vSE01^.what happens to women affects own liferespondent is black femaleSE01 = 4Do you think what happens generally to women in this country will have something to do with your life, or not?See note for ^vSE01^.degree to which what happens to women affects own lifethink what happens to women in the country will affect own life (and respondent is black female)SD09 = 1Will it (from ^vSD09^, what happens to women) affect you a lot, some, or not very much?See note for ^vSE01^.reference point for questions about social group perceptionsThe categories used to classify a respondent's racial/ethnic reference point for questions about social group perceptions are slightly different from those used for the main race/ethnicity variable, ^vWC01^.sexageeducationWhat is the highest level of school you have completed?college studentgraduated high schoolWA03 = 3--9Are you ...household incomeWhich one of the following includes your total household income in the past 12 months before taxes?employment statusWhich statement best describes your current employment status?number of current jobscurrently employedWB01 = 1--4Altogether, how many jobs do you have?work full or part timecurrently employedWB01 = 1--4How many hours per week do you usually work at your ([if work multiple jobs:] main) job? \\ ([If work multiple jobs:] By main job we mean the one at which you usually work the most hours.)size of employercurrently employedWB01 = 1--4Counting all locations where your employer operates, what is the total number of persons who work for your employer ([if work multiple jobs:] at your main job)?primary work locationcurrently employedWB01 = 1--4Which of the following best describes your primary work location ([if work multiple jobs:] at your main job)?member of labor unionAre you a member of a labor union?racial/ethnic identityRace/ethnicity was calculated based on a series of questions asked in the KnowledgePanel core profile interview. This variable is a composite of the answers to those questions.religious denominationWhat is your religion?evangelical ChristianWould you describe yourself as a born-again or evangelical Christian?This variable was not measured for all respondents in Wave B, as indicated by code 9999.attend religious servicesself-identify with a religionWD01 = 1--12How often do you attend religious services?served in militaryHave you ever served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces, Military Reserves, or National Guard? Please note that active duty does not include training for the Reserves or National Guard, but does include activation, for example, for the Persian Gulf War.household sizehousehold members under age 2household members age 2--5household members age 6--12household members age 13--17household members age 18 and olderrespondent is head of householdmarital statusAre you now married, single, divorced, widowed, or separated?household dwelling typeWhich best describes the building where you live?home ownershipAre your living quarters ...state of residencylive in metropolitan areahousehold Internet accesshave gay friends or relativesDo you have any friends or relatives who you know to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual?sexual orientationAre you yourself gay, lesbian, or bisexual?guns in homeDo you happen to have in your home or garage any guns or revolvers?type of guns in homehave guns at homeWHc01 = 1Is it (from ^vWHc01^, gun(s) at home) a pistol, shotgun, rifle, or another type of gun?personally own gunshave guns at homeWHc01 = 1Do any of these guns (from ^vWHc01^, at home) personally belong to you?environmental activitiesMany people also work to improve the environment. In the past 12 months, have you ...describe self as environmentalistWould you describe yourself as an environmentalist?grocery shoppingWhen it comes to grocery shopping for my household ...pet ownershipWhich, if any, of the following pets do you have?We'd like to know how well you recognize some people in the news that you may or may not have seen before. \\ For each picture, please pick the name of the person from the list. If you've seen this person before, but don't know the person's name, just click on "familiar, but don't know name." If the person does not look familiar at all, just check "not familiar with this person." @ 10/2/07--11/30/07[Show picture of Hillary Clinton.][Show picture of John Edwards.] @ 10/2/07--11/30/07[Show picture of Rudy Giuliani.] @ 10/2/07--11/30/07[Show picture of Barack Obama.][Show picture of Mitt Romney.][Show picture of Fred Thompson.]We'd like to get your feelings toward some people. \\ Please rate the person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ The (first / next) person is __. Where on the thermometer would you rate __? \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]George W. BushHillary ClintonJohn EdwardsRudy GiulianiBarack ObamaMitt RomneyFred ThompsonJohn McCain @ 12/1/07--1/1/08Mike Huckabeefilter for political orientationdid not specify political orientation in previous interviewPARTY-FILTER_1 = 2Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a ...think of self as a Republican and did not specify political orientation in previous interviewQ16_1 = 1Would you call yourself a ...think of self as a Democrat and did not specify political orientation in previous interviewQ16_1 = 2Would you call yourself a ...think of self as an Independent or of another political party, or have no party preference and did not specify political orientation in previous interviewQ16_1 = 3--5, 999Do you think of yourself as closer to the ...party ID -- most recent answer (7-point scale)did not specify political orientation in previous interviewPARTY-FILTER_1 = 2In general, do you think of yourself as ...think of self as Democrat or lean DemocratPARTY_1 = 5--7If you had to choose this week to vote for one of the primary candidates to be the presidential nominee for the Democratic party, which candidate would you vote for?would vote this week for Democratic candidate (and think of self as Democrat or lean Democrat)Q21_1 = 1--8Suppose, for one reason or another, [candidate would vote for in ^vQ21_1^] is not chosen as the Democratic candidate. Who would be your second choice for the Democratic nominee for president?think of self as Republican or lean RepublicanPARTY_1 = 1--3If you had to choose this week to vote for one of the primary candidates to be the presidential nominee for the Republican party, which candidate would you vote for?would vote this week for Republican candidate (and think of self as Republican or lean Republican)Q23_1 = 1--9Suppose, for one reason or another, [candidate would vote for in ^vQ23_1^] is not chosen as the Republican candidate. Who would be your second choice for the Republican nominee for president?If you had to choose this week to vote for either the Republican or Democratic party's candidate for president, do you think you would probably vote for the Republican candidate, the Democratic candidate, or a third party candidate?rated favorability of ClintonQ8_1 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Hillary Clinton? If so, please fill in the boxes below. @ 10/2/07--11/30/07rated favorability of EdwardsQ9_1 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about John Edwards? If so, please fill in the boxes below.rated favorability of GiulianiQ10_1 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Rudy Giuliani? If so, please fill in the boxes below.rated favorability of ObamaQ11_1 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Barack Obama? If so, please fill in the boxes below.rated favorability of RomneyQ12_1 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Mitt Romney? If so, please fill in the boxes below.rated favorability of ThompsonQ13_1 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Fred Thompson? If so, please fill in the boxes below.Has anyone contacted you on behalf of any of the presidential candidates? Select all that apply.From which of the following sources have you heard anything about the presidential campaign?Regardless of who you might vote for, who do you think is most likely to win the Democratic nomination for president? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.named Democratic candidate most likely to win nominationQ34_1 = 1--8Who do you think is second most likely to win the Democratic nomination? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.named Democratic candidates most likely to win nominationQ35_1 = 1--8Do you think [candidate most likely to win Democratic nomination in ^vQ34_1^] will beat [candidate second most likely to win in ^vQ35_1^] by a lot or by just a little?Regardless of who you might vote for, who do you think is most likely to win the Republican nomination for president? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.named Republican candidate most likely to win nominationQ37_1 = 1--9Who do you think is second most likely to win the Republican nomination? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.named Republican candidates most likely to win nominationQ38_1 = 1--9Do you think [candidate most likely to win Republican nomination in ^vQ37_1^] will beat [candidate second most likely to win in ^vQ38_1^] by a lot or by just a little?Thinking about the general presidential election in the fall of 2008, regardless of which party you personally like best, do you think the Republican candidate will win the presidency, that the Democratic candidate will win the presidency, some other party will win, or is it too close or too early to call? @ 12/1/07--1/1/08In your opinion, which of the Republican candidates would give the Republican party the best chance of winning the presidency in November? @ 12/1/07--1/1/08In your opinion, which of the Democratic candidates would give the Democratic party the best chance of winning the presidency in November?How much would you say you know about each of these people? For each name, please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person.Hillary ClintonJohn EdwardsRudy GiulianiBarack ObamaMitt RomneyFred ThompsonUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place each of these candidates? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.Hillary ClintonJohn EdwardsRudy GiulianiBarack ObamaMitt RomneyFred Thompson @ 12/1/07--1/1/08Mike Huckabee @ 12/1/07--1/1/08John McCainAre there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling the nation's economy? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling the nation's economy? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling homeland security? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling homeland security? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling the health care situation? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling the health care situation? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.There has been much talk recently about whether gays and lesbians should have the legal right to marry someone of the same sex. Which of the following options comes closest to your position on this issue?Which presidential candidates' views are most like your own when it comes to gay marriage? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on gay marriage are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Which of the following plans for United States policy in Iraq comes closest to your own position?Which presidential candidates' views are most like your own when it comes to a plan for Iraq? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on Iraq are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Which of the following options comes closest to your view on what we should be doing about federal income taxes?Which of the following options comes closest to your view on abortion?Which presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to abortion? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on abortion are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Please indicate whether you favor or oppose each of the following proposals addressing immigration.provide a path to citizenship for some illegal aliens who agree to return to their home country for a period of time and pay substantial finesincrease border security by building a fence along part of the US border with MexicoWhich presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to immigration? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on immigration are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Thinking about the presidential primaries generally, do you think they are a good way of picking the best candidates, or a bad way of picking the best qualified candidates?think presidential primaries are a good way of picking candidatesQ77_1 = 1Is it a very good way to pick the best qualified candidates, or just a somewhat good way to pick the best candidates?think presidential primaries are a bad way of picking candidatesQ77_1 = 2Is it a very bad way to pick the best qualified candidates, or just a somewhat bad way to pick the best candidates?Overall, what's your impression of the candidates running for the Democratic presidential nomination? As a group, would you say they are an excellent group of candidates, a good group of candidates, a fair group of candidates, or a poor group of candidates?Overall, what's your impression of the candidates running for the Republican presidential nomination? As a group, would you say they are an excellent group of candidates, a good group of candidates, a fair group of candidates, or a poor group of candidates?When Election Day comes, how confident are you that the votes across the country will be accurately counted?Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling taxes? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling taxes? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Which would you prefer the government do: place no restrictions on government funding of stem cell research, ease the current restrictions to allow more stem cell research, keep the current restrictions in place, or should the government not fund stem cell research at all?Which presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to stem cell research? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on stem cell research are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Do you favor or oppose the federal government in Washington negotiating more free trade agreements like NAFTA?Which presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to trade agreements? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on trade agreements are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Would you say the press has been too easy, too tough, or fair in the way it has covered the presidential candidates over the past few months?How much do you feel that having elections makes the government pay attention to what the people think: a good deal, some, or not much?How much do you feel that political parties help to make the government pay attention to what the people think: a good deal, some, or not much?In general, do you think the best candidates win the elections, or is it just the candidates who raise the most money that get elected, or something in between?In some countries, people believe their elections are conducted fairly. In other countries, people believe that their elections are conducted unfairly. Do you believe presidential elections in the United States are generally ...How much influence do you think the following have on the outcome of primary elections?the outcome of the early primariesthe news mediapolitical advertisingvotersIn the past month, have you seen ads for any of the candidates for president? Please check the names of any candidates whose ads you remember seeing or hearing, either on TV, radio, or on the Internet.Setting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a black candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a white candidate for president?Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. \\ Black elected officials are more likely to __.favor blacks for government jobs over white applicantssupport government spending that favors blackssupport policies that could cost whites jobsgive special favors to the black communitySetting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a female candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a male candidate for president?Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. \\ Female elected officials are more likely to __.favor women for government jobs over male applicantspromote educational programs targeted at girls at the expense of boyssupport government spending that favors womenfocus on issues that mainly affect womenLast night, how many hours, if any, did you watch television between 6 and 11 pm?From which of the following sources have you heard anything about the presidential campaign?heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ2rA_2 = 1 or Q2rC_2 = 1Which of the following programs do you watch regularly on television? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ2rA_2 = 1 or Q2rC_2 = 1Below are some additional television programs. Which of these do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.In general, how interested are you in politics and public affairs?Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a ...think of self as a RepublicanQ6_2 = 1Would you call yourself a ...think of self as a DemocratQ6_2 = 2Would you call yourself a ...think of self as an Independent or of another political party, or have no party preferenceQ6_2 = 3--5, 999Do you think of yourself as closer to the ...party ID -- most recent answer (7-point scale)In general, do you think of yourself as ...We'd like to get your feelings toward some people. \\ Please rate the person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ The (first / next) person is __. Where on the thermometer would you rate __? \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]George W. BushHillary Clinton @ 1/1/08--1/29/08John Edwards @ 1/1/08--1/29/08Rudy GiulianiBarack Obama @ 1/1/08--2/7/08Mitt Romney @ 1/1/08--1/8/08Fred ThompsonJohn McCain @ 1/1/08--3/5/08Mike Huckabee @ 1/3/08--2/28/08Michael Bloomberg @ 1/24/08--2/25/08Bill Clinton @ 2/26/08--3/31/08Ralph Naderheard about presidential campaign from newspapersQ2rB_2 = 1What newspaper or newspapers do you read regularly? Please list their complete names as well as you can, along with the city where they are published.think of self as Democrat or lean DemocratPARTY_2 = 5--7If you had to choose this week to vote for one of the primary candidates to be the presidential nominee for the Democratic party, which candidate would you vote for? @ 1/1/08--3/7/08would vote this week for Democratic candidate (and think of self as Democrat or lean Democrat)Q24_2 = 1--8Suppose, for one reason or another, [candidate would vote for in ^vQ24_2^] is not chosen as the Democratic candidate. Who would be your second choice for the Democratic nominee for president? @ 1/1/08--3/5/08think of self as Republican or lean RepublicanPARTY_2 = 1--3If you had to choose this week to vote for one of the primary candidates to be the presidential nominee for the Republican party, which candidate would you vote for? @ 1/1/08--3/5/08would vote this week for Republican candidate (and think of self as Republican or lean Republican)Q26_2 = 2--7, 9Suppose, for one reason or another, [candidate would vote for in ^vQ26_2^] is not chosen as the Republican candidate. Who would be your second choice for the Republican nominee for president? @ 3/8/08--3/31/08If the presidential election was held today and John McCain, the Republican, was running against Barack Obama, the Democrat, who would you vote for? @ 3/8/08--3/31/08If the presidential election was held today and John McCain, the Republican, was running against Hillary Clinton, the Democrat, who would you vote for?If you had to choose this week to vote for either the Republican or Democratic party's candidate for president, do you think you would probably vote for the Republican candidate, the Democratic candidate, or a third party candidate? @ 2/1/08--3/31/08rated favorability of ClintonQ12_2 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Hillary Clinton? If so, please fill in the boxes below. @ 2/1/08--3/31/08rated favorability of ObamaQ15_2 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Barack Obama? If so, please fill in the boxes below. @ 2/1/08--2/7/08rated favorability of RomneyQ16_2 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Mitt Romney? If so, please fill in the boxes below. @ 1/31/08--3/31/08rated favorability of McCainQ18_2 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about John McCain? If so, please fill in the boxes below. @ 2/8/08--3/31/08heard about presidential campaign from the InternetQ2rD_2 = 1Please list any Internet sites or blogs that you visit regularly, that is, at least once a month, that provide you with information about the presidential campaign. @ 1/1/08--2/7/08heard about presidential campaign from the InternetQ2rD_2 = 1Are there any Internet sites or blogs that you visit regularly which include information or discussion of the presidential campaign?In your opinion, what is the most important issue facing the US today?named most important issueQ37_2 = 1--8Which candidate do you think would do the best job dealing with [most important issue facing the US in ^vQ37_2^]?Regardless of who you might vote for, who do you think is most likely to win the Democratic nomination for president? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess. @ 1/1/08--3/5/08named Democratic candidate most likely to win nominationQ39_2 = 1--8Who do you think is second most likely to win the Democratic nomination? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess. @ 1/1/08--3/5/08named Democratic candidates most likely to win nominationQ40_2 = 1--8Do you think [candidate most likely to win Democratic nomination in ^vQ39_2^] will beat [candidate second most likely to win in ^vQ40_2^] by a lot or by just a little? @ 1/1/08--3/5/08Regardless of who you might vote for, who do you think is most likely to win the Republican nomination for president? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess. @ 1/1/08--3/5/08named Republican candidate most likely to win nominationQ42_2 = 2--7, 9Who do you think is second most likely to win the Republican nomination? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess. @ 1/1/08--3/5/08named Republican candidates most likely to win nominationQ43_2 = 2--7, 9Do you think [candidate most likely to win Republican nomination in ^vQ42_2^] will beat [candidate second most likely to win in ^vQ43_2^] by a lot or by just a little?Thinking about the general presidential election in the fall, regardless of which party you personally like best, do you think the Republican candidate will win the presidency, that the Democratic candidate will win the presidency, some other party will win, or is it too close or too early to call? @ 1/1/08--3/5/08In your opinion, which of the Republican candidates would give the Republican party the best chance of winning the presidency in November?In your opinion, which of the Democratic candidates would give the Democratic party the best chance of winning the presidency in November?How much would you say you know about each of these people? For each name, please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person. @ 1/25/08--3/31/08Hillary Clinton @ 1/25/08--3/31/08Barack Obama @ 1/25/08--1/29/08John Edwards @ 1/25/08--1/29/08Rudy Giuliani @ 1/25/08--2/7/08Mitt Romney @ 1/25/08--3/31/08John McCain @ 1/25/08--3/5/08Mike Huckabee @ 2/26/08--3/31/08Ralph NaderUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place each of these candidates? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.Hillary Clinton @ 1/1/08--1/29/08John Edwards @ 1/1/08--1/29/08Rudy GiulianiBarack Obama @ 1/1/08--2/7/08Mitt Romney @ 1/1/08--1/8/08Fred Thompson @ 1/1/08--3/5/08Mike HuckabeeJohn McCain @ 2/26/08--3/31/08Ralph NaderIn talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren't registered, they were sick, or they just didn't have time. Did you happen to vote in the 2004 presidential election?voted in 2004 presidential electionQ65_2 = 1Which candidate did you vote for in the 2004 presidential election?We are interested in how people are getting along financially these days.Would you say that you and your family living here are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as you were a year ago?Thinking about the economy in the country as a whole, would you say that over the past year the nation's economy has gotten better, stayed about the same, or gotten worse?heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ2rA_2 = 1 or Q2rC_2 = 1Below are some additional television programs. Which of these do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ2rA_2 = 1 or Q2rC_2 = 1Here is the last list of television programs. Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from radio news or talk showsQ2rE_2 = 1Which of the following radio programs do you listen to regularly? Please check any that you listen to at least once a month.Thinking about the presidential primaries generally, do you think they are a good way of picking the best candidates, or a bad way of picking the best qualified candidates?think presidential primaries are a good way of picking candidatesQ72_2 = 1Is it a very good way to pick the best qualified candidates, or just a somewhat good way to pick the best candidates?think presidential primaries are a bad way of picking candidatesQ72_2 = 2Is it a very bad way to pick the best qualified candidates, or just a somewhat bad way to pick the best candidates?The Republicans and Democrats use state primaries or caucuses and nominating conventions to select their presidential candidates. Do you think the system works well enough as it is now, or does it need some changes?Below are some proposed changes in the way the parties' presidential nominees are chosen. For each one, please tell us if you think this change would improve the system for selecting presidential candidates a lot, a little, or not at all.think presidential nominating system needs changesQ75_2 = 2a single national primary in which everyone in the country votes on the same daythink presidential nominating system needs changesQ75_2 = 2a series of regional primaries in which groups of states all vote on the same day, but the order the regions vote in changes with each electionthink presidential nominating system needs changesQ75_2 = 2the current system of individual state primaries and caucuses, but in an order that changes with each electionOverall, what's your impression of the candidates running for the Democratic presidential nomination? As a group, would you say they are an excellent group of candidates, a good group of candidates, a fair group of candidates, or a poor group of candidates? @ 1/1/08--3/5/08Overall, what's your impression of the candidates running for the Republican presidential nomination? As a group, would you say they are an excellent group of candidates, a good group of candidates, a fair group of candidates, or a poor group of candidates?Would you say the press has been too easy, too tough, or fair in the way it has covered the presidential candidates over the past few months?How much do you feel that having elections makes the government pay attention to what the people think: a good deal, some, or not much?How much do you feel that political parties help to make the government pay attention to what the people think: a good deal, some, or not much?In general, do you think the best candidates win the elections, or is it just the candidates who raise the most money that get elected, or something in between?In some countries, people believe their elections are conducted fairly. In other countries, people believe that their elections are conducted unfairly. Do you believe presidential elections in the United States are generally ...How much influence do you think the following have on the outcome of primary elections?the outcome of the early primariesthe news mediapolitical advertisingvotersSetting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a black candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a white candidate for president? @ 1/1/08--2/7/08Setting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a Mormon candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a candidate of another religion? @ 1/1/08--2/7/08Would you personally be more likely to vote for a presidential candidate who is a Mormon, less likely to vote for him, or no more or less likely to vote for him?Setting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a female candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a male candidate for president? @ 2/24/08--3/31/08Recently, there has been some discussion about the role of "superdelegates" in selecting the presidential candidates for each party. Have you heard anything about superdelegates? @ 2/24/08--3/31/08have heard or might have heard about superdelegatesQ94_2 = 1, 3In your opinion, how should the superdelegates cast their votes at the party convention? Should they ...Last night, how many hours, if any, did you watch television between 6 and 11 pm?In general, how interested are you in politics and public affairs?We'd like to get your feelings toward some people. \\ Please rate the person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ The (first / next) person is __. Where on the thermometer would you rate __? \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]George W. BushHillary ClintonBarack ObamaJohn McCainfilter for political orientationdid not specify political orientation in previous interviewPARTY-FILTER_3 = 2Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a ...think of self as a Republican and did not specify political orientation in previous interviewQ7_3 = 1Would you call yourself a ...think of self as a Democrat and did not specify political orientation in previous interviewQ7_3 = 2Would you call yourself a ...think of self as an Independent or of another political party, or have no party preference and did not specify political orientation in previous interviewQ7_3 = 3--5, 999Do you think of yourself as closer to the ...party ID -- most recent answer (7-point scale)did not specify political orientation in previous interviewPARTY-FILTER_3 = 2In general, do you think of yourself as ... @ 4/2/08--6/10/08think of self as Democrat or lean DemocratPARTY_3 = 5--7If you had to choose this week to vote for one of the primary candidates to be the presidential nominee for the Democratic party, which candidate would you vote for?If the presidential election was held today and John McCain, the Republican, was running against Barack Obama, the Democrat, who would you vote for? @ 6/11/08--8/29/08would vote today for McCainQ13_3 = 1Will you definitely vote for John McCain for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely? @ 6/11/08--8/29/08would vote today for ObamaQ13_3 = 2Will you definitely vote for Barack Obama for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely? @ 6/11/08--8/29/08would vote today for NaderQ13_3 = 3Will you definitely vote for Ralph Nader for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely? @ 4/2/08--6/10/08If the presidential election was held today and John McCain, the Republican, was running against Hillary Clinton, the Democrat, who would you vote for? @ 4/2/08--6/10/08rated favorability of ClintonQ4_3 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Hillary Clinton? If so, please fill in the boxes below.rated favorability of ObamaQ5_3 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Barack Obama? If so, please fill in the boxes below.rated favorability of McCainQ6_3 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about John McCain? If so, please fill in the boxes below.{ @ 7/26/08--8/29/08 : Here are some questions about the presidential candidates. Below are left-right scales on which you can rate characteristics of the candidates. \\ For the item below, the far left side of the scale means that you think the candidate is extremely "trustworthy." Placing the slider on the far right side means that you think the candidate is extremely "untrustworthy." The middle means that you think the candidate is not particularly toward one end or the other.}Where would you rate __ on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.] @ 7/26/08--8/29/08John McCain @ 7/26/08--8/29/08Barack ObamaHas anyone contacted you on behalf of any of the presidential candidates? Select all that apply.received mail from a presidential campaignQ23rA_3 = 1From which campaigns have you received a letter or mailing? Check all that apply.had face-to-face contact with someone from a presidential campaignQ23rB_3 = 1With which campaigns have you had face-to-face conversation or contact with someone? Check all that apply.received an email from a presidential campaignQ23rC_3 = 1From which campaigns have you received an email? Check all that apply.received a phone call from a presidential campaignQ23rD_3 = 1From which campaigns have you received a phone call or a phone message? Check all that apply.In the past 12 months, have you participated in any of the following activities on behalf of a candidate for elected office?given money to a campaignworked for a campaigntold any people why they should vote for or against a candidategone to a political meeting, speech, dinner, or things like thatworn campaign buttons, put campaign stickers on your car, or placed a sign in your window or in front of your house @ 6/11/08--8/29/08In your opinion, what is the most important issue facing the US today? @ 6/11/08--8/29/08named most important issueQ33_3 = 1--8Which candidate do you think would do the best job dealing with [most important issue facing the US in ^vQ33_3^]? @ 4/2/08--6/10/08think of self as Democrat or lean DemocratPARTY_3 = 5--7Regardless of who you might vote for, who do you think is most likely to win the Democratic nomination for president? \\ [Prompt once if no response:] Please just give us your best guess.Thinking about the general presidential election in the fall, regardless of which party you personally like best, do you think the Republican candidate will win the presidency, that the Democratic candidate will win the presidency, some other party will win, or is it too close or too early to call?How much would you say you know about each of these people? For each name, please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person. @ 6/11/08--8/29/08Barack Obama @ 6/11/08--8/29/08John McCain @ 4/2/08--6/10/08In your opinion, which of the Democratic candidates would give the Democratic party the best chance of winning the presidency in November?Using this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place each of these candidates? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.Hillary ClintonBarack ObamaJohn McCainWe are interested in how people are getting along financially these days.Would you say that you and your family living here are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as you were a year ago?Thinking about the economy in the country as a whole, would you say that over the past year the nation's economy has gotten better, stayed about the same, or gotten worse? @ 4/2/08--6/10/08Recently, there has been some discussion about the role of "superdelegates" in selecting the presidential candidates for each party. Have you heard anything about superdelegates? @ 4/2/08--6/10/08have heard or might have heard about superdelegatesQ45_3 = 1, 3In your opinion, how should the superdelegates cast their votes at the party convention? Should they ...Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling the nation's economy? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling the nation's economy? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling homeland security? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling homeland security? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling the health care situation? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling the health care situation? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Which of the following plans for United States policy in Iraq comes closest to your own position?Which presidential candidates' views are most like your own when it comes to a plan for Iraq? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on Iraq are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Please indicate whether you favor or oppose each of the following proposals addressing immigration.provide a path to citizenship for some illegal aliens who agree to return to their home country for a period of time and pay substantial finesincrease border security by building a fence along part of the US border with MexicoWhich presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to immigration? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on immigration are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.reference point for questions about social group perceptions{ @ 7/18/08--8/29/08 : Here are some questions about various groups in our society. Below are left-right scales on which you can rate characteristics of people in different groups. \\ For the item below, the far left side of the scale means that you think most of the people in that group are extremely "hardworking." Placing the slider on the far right side means that you think most of the people in that group are extremely "lazy." The middle means that you think the people in this group are not particularly toward one end or the other.} @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_3 = 1--6Where would you rate physicians in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]Randomly display ^vQ61_3^--^vQ63_3^ next, ^vQ64_3^--^vQ66_3^ after ^vQ77_3^; or ^vQ64_3^--^vQ66_3^ next, ^vQ61_3^--^vQ63_3^ after ^vQ77_3^.Where would you rate ([if white in ^vSOC-REF_3^:] whites / [if black:] blacks / [if Hispanic:] Hispanic Americans) in general on these scales? @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_3 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.] @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_3 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely intelligent" at left, "extremely unintelligent" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.] @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_3 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]Where would you rate ([if non-black in ^vSOC-REF_3^:] blacks / [if black:] whites) in general on these scales? @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_3 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.] @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_3 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely intelligent" at left, "extremely unintelligent" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.] @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_3 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]Thinking about the presidential primaries generally, do you think they are a good way of picking the best candidates, or a bad way of picking the best qualified candidates?think presidential primaries are a good way of picking candidatesQ67_3 = 1Is it a very good way to pick the best qualified candidates, or just a somewhat good way to pick the best candidates?think presidential primaries are a bad way of picking candidatesQ67_3 = 2Is it a very bad way to pick the best qualified candidates, or just a somewhat bad way to pick the best candidates?Do you favor or oppose the federal government in Washington negotiating more free trade agreements like NAFTA?Which presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to trade agreements? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on trade agreements are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Would you say the press has been too easy, too tough, or fair in the way it has covered the presidential candidates over the past few months? @ 6/11/08--8/29/08Which of the following options comes closest to your view on what we should be doing about federal income taxes? @ 6/11/08--8/29/08Which of the following options comes closest to your view on abortion? @ 6/11/08--8/29/08Which presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to abortion? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet. @ 6/11/08--8/29/08Are there any presidential candidates whose views on abortion are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Setting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a black candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a white candidate for president?Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. \\ Black elected officials are more likely to __.favor blacks for government jobs over white applicantssupport government spending that favors blackssupport policies that could cost whites jobsgive special favors to the black communityThinking about the statements you just read, would it be good or bad if black elected officials favored blacks?Setting aside your own preferences and what you know about the current candidates for president, do you think -- all else being equal -- that a female candidate for president has more of a chance of winning, less of a chance of winning, or about the same chance as a male candidate for president?Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. \\ Female elected officials are more likely to __. @ 4/2/08--6/10/08favor women for government jobs over male applicants @ 4/2/08--6/10/08promote educational programs targeted at girls at the expense of boys @ 4/2/08--6/10/08support government spending that favors women @ 4/2/08--6/10/08focus on issues that mainly affect women @ 4/2/08--6/10/08Thinking about the statements you just read, would it be good or bad if female elected officials favored women?In general, do you think race relations in the United States are very good, fairly good, fairly bad, very bad, or neither good nor bad?Over the course of the past 10 years, do you feel that race relations have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?Looking ahead 10 years from today, do you feel that race relations will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?Do you think that most white Americans hold the following perceptions of black Americans, or not? \\ The perception that blacks __ @ 4/2/08--5/28/08, 6/5/08--8/29/08are lazy @ 4/2/08--5/28/08, 6/5/08--8/29/08are religious @ 4/2/08--5/28/08, 6/5/08--8/29/08are less intelligent than whites @ 4/2/08--5/28/08, 6/5/08--8/29/08are better athletes than whites @ 4/2/08--5/28/08, 6/5/08--8/29/08have no self-discipline @ 4/2/08--5/28/08, 6/5/08--8/29/08are patriotic @ 4/2/08--5/28/08, 6/5/08--8/29/08are good parents @ 4/2/08--5/28/08, 6/5/08--8/29/08are more likely to abuse drugs and alcoholrespondent is blackSOC-REF_3 = 3, 4Is it more important for blacks to build good relations with whites or for blacks to build pride and respect for themselves, even if it means causing tension between blacks and whites?Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements.respondent is blackSOC-REF_3 = 3, 4Blacks should have control over the economy in mostly black communities.respondent is blackSOC-REF_3 = 3, 4Black people should shop in stores owned by other blacks whenever possible. @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is blackSOC-REF_3 = 3, 4Do you think what happens generally to black people in this country will have something to do with what happens in your life, or not? @ 7/18/08--8/29/08think what happens to blacks in the country will affect own life (and respondent is black)Q104_3 = 1Will it affect you a lot, some, or not very much? @ 7/18/08--8/29/08respondent is black femaleSOC-REF_3 = 4Do you think what happens generally to women in this country will have something to do with your life, or not? @ 7/18/08--8/29/08think what happens to women in the country will affect own life (and respondent is black female)Q106_3 = 1Will it affect you a lot, some, or not very much? @ 6/28/08--8/29/08Has anyone recently asked you your advice on a political question?Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. @ 6/28/08--8/29/08I have more self-confidence than most of my friends. @ 6/28/08--8/29/08I like to be considered a leader. @ 6/28/08--8/29/08I am the kind of person who knows what I want to accomplish in life and how to achieve it. @ 6/28/08--8/29/08I am influential in my neighborhood.Last night, how many hours, if any, did you watch television between 6 and 11 pm?From which of the following sources have you heard anything about the presidential campaign?heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ2rA_4 = 1 or Q2rC_4 = 1Which of the following programs do you watch regularly on television? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ2rA_4 = 1 or Q2rC_4 = 1Below are some additional television programs. Which of these do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a ...think of self as a RepublicanQ5_4 = 1Would you call yourself a ...think of self as a DemocratQ5_4 = 2Would you call yourself a ...think of self as an Independent or of another political party, or have no party preferenceQ5_4 = 3--5, 999Do you think of yourself as closer to the ...party ID -- most recent answer (7-point scale)In general, do you think of yourself as ...We'd like to get your feelings toward some people. \\ Please rate the person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ The (first / next) person is __. Where on the thermometer would you rate __? \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]George W. BushBarack ObamaJohn McCainJoe BidenSarah Palinheard about presidential campaign from newspapersQ2rB_4 = 1What newspaper or newspapers do you read regularly? Please list their complete names as well as you can, along with the city where they are published. @ 9/25/08--11/4/08Some states allow individuals to vote before Election Day, that is vote early at a polling station or by filling out an absentee ballot. How about you? Have you already voted in this year's presidential election, or not? @ 9/25/08--11/4/08early voted in presidential electionQ16_4 = 1On what date did you cast your ballot early in the general election? @ 9/25/08--11/4/08early voted in presidential electionQ16_4 = 1In the 2008 presidential election who did you vote for?{ @ 9/25/08--11/4/08 : did not early vote in presidential election or did not indicate early vote} @ 9/25/08--11/4/08 : Q16_4 = 2, 999 or Q18_4 = 999If the presidential election was held today and John McCain and Sarah Palin, the Republicans, were running against Barack Obama and Joe Biden, the Democrats, who would you vote for?would vote today for McCainQ19_4 = 1Will you definitely vote for John McCain for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely?would vote today for ObamaQ19_4 = 2Will you definitely vote for Barack Obama for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely?would vote today for NaderQ19_4 = 3Will you definitely vote for Ralph Nader for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely?would vote today for BarrQ19_4 = 4Will you definitely vote for Bob Barr for president in 2008, or is there a chance you could change your mind? \\ If you think there is a chance you might change your mind, would you say there is a good chance you'll change your mind, or would you say it's pretty unlikely?rated favorability of ObamaQ11_4 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Barack Obama? If so, please fill in the boxes below.rated favorability of McCainQ12_4 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about John McCain? If so, please fill in the boxes below.Here are some questions about the presidential candidates. Below are left-right scales on which you can rate characteristics of the candidates. \\ For the item below, the far left side of the scale means that you think the candidate is extremely "trustworthy." Placing the slider on the far right side means that you think the candidate is extremely "untrustworthy." The middle means that you think the candidate is not particularly toward one end or the other.Where would you rate __ on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]John McCainBarack ObamaIn the past 12 months, have you participated in any of the following activities on behalf of a candidate for elected office?told any people why they should vote for or against a candidategone to a political meeting, speech, dinner, or things like thatworn campaign buttons, put campaign stickers on your car, or placed a sign in your window or in front of your houseIn your opinion, what is the most important issue facing the US today?Using this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place each of these candidates? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.Barack ObamaJohn McCainAre you currently registered to vote?We are interested in how people are getting along financially these days.Would you say that you and your family living here are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as you were a year ago?Thinking about the economy in the country as a whole, would you say that over the past year the nation's economy has gotten better, stayed about the same, or gotten worse?heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ2rA_4 = 1 or Q2rC_4 = 1Below are some additional television programs. Which of these do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ2rA_4 = 1 or Q2rC_4 = 1Here is the last list of television programs. Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from radio news or talk showsQ2rE_4 = 1Which of the following radio programs do you listen to regularly? Please check any that you listen to at least once a month.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling the nation's economy? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling the nation's economy? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling homeland security? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling homeland security? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling the health care situation? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling the health care situation? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.There has been much talk recently about whether gays and lesbians should have the legal right to marry someone of the same sex. Which of the following options comes closest to your position on this issue?Which presidential candidates' views are most like your own when it comes to gay marriage? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on gay marriage are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Which of the following plans for United States policy in Iraq comes closest to your own position?Which presidential candidates' views are most like your own when it comes to a plan for Iraq? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on Iraq are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Please indicate whether you favor or oppose each of the following proposals addressing immigration.provide a path to citizenship for some illegal aliens who agree to return to their home country for a period of time and pay substantial finesincrease border security by building a fence along part of the US border with MexicoWhich presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to immigration? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on immigration are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.reference point for questions about social group perceptionsHere are some questions about various groups in our society. Below are left-right scales on which you can rate characteristics of people in different groups. \\ For the item below, the far left side of the scale means that you think most of the people in that group are extremely "hardworking." Placing the slider on the far right side means that you think most of the people in that group are extremely "lazy." The middle means that you think the people in this group are not particularly toward one end or the other.respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_4 = 1--6Where would you rate physicians in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]Randomly display ^vQ57_4^--^vQ59_4^ next, ^vQ60_4^--^vQ62_4^ after ^vQ69_4^; or ^vQ60_4^--^vQ62_4^ next, ^vQ57_4^--^vQ59_4^ after ^vQ69_4^.Where would you rate ([if white in ^vSOC-REF_4^:] whites / [if black:] blacks / [if Hispanic:] Hispanic Americans) in general on these scales?respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_4 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_4 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely intelligent" at left, "extremely unintelligent" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_4 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]Where would you rate ([if non-black in ^vSOC-REF_4^:] blacks / [if black:] whites) in general on these scales?respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_4 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_4 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely intelligent" at left, "extremely unintelligent" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_4 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]Do you favor or oppose the federal government in Washington negotiating more free trade agreements like NAFTA?Which presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to trade agreements? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on trade agreements are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Which of the following options comes closest to your view on what we should be doing about federal income taxes?Which of the following options comes closest to your view on abortion?Which presidential candidate's views are most like your own when it comes to abortion? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any presidential candidates whose views on abortion are unacceptable to you? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly good job of handling taxes? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.Are there any candidates who you think would do a particularly bad job of handling taxes? You can pick more than one candidate if you like, or "don't know enough to say" if you don't feel you know enough about them yet.In general, do you think race relations in the United States are very good, fairly good, fairly bad, very bad, or neither good nor bad?Over the course of the past 10 years, do you feel that race relations have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?Looking ahead 10 years from today, do you feel that race relations will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?Do you think that most white Americans hold the following perceptions of black Americans, or not? \\ The perception that blacks __are lazyare religiousare less intelligent than whitesare better athletes than whiteshave no self-disciplineare patrioticare good parentsare more likely to abuse drugs and alcoholrespondent is blackSOC-REF_4 = 3, 4Is it more important for blacks to build good relations with whites or for blacks to build pride and respect for themselves, even if it means causing tension between blacks and whites?Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements.respondent is blackSOC-REF_4 = 3, 4Blacks should have control over the economy in mostly black communities.respondent is blackSOC-REF_4 = 3, 4Black people should shop in stores owned by other blacks whenever possible.respondent is blackSOC-REF_4 = 3, 4Do you think what happens generally to black people in this country will have something to do with what happens in your life, or not?think what happens to blacks in the country will affect own life (and respondent is black)Q86_4 = 1Will it affect you a lot, some, or not very much?respondent is black femaleSOC-REF_4 = 4Do you think what happens generally to women in this country will have something to do with your life, or not?think what happens to women in the country will affect own life (and respondent is black female)Q88_4 = 1Will it affect you a lot, some, or not very much?Below is a list of different types of television programs that some people like to watch. Which of these types of programs do you like the best? Put a 1 next to it. Then select your second best liked type of television program, and put a 2 next to it, and put a 3 and 4 next to your third and fourth most liked type of program.Last night, how many hours, if any, did you watch television between 6 and 11 pm?From which of the following sources have you heard anything about the presidential campaign?As you've probably heard, Barack Obama won the recent presidential election. Why do you think more people voted for Barack Obama than John McCain?heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ3rA_5 = 1 or Q3rC_5 = 1Which of the following programs do you watch regularly on television? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ3rA_5 = 1 or Q3rC_5 = 1Below are some additional television programs. Which of these do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a ...think of self as a RepublicanQ7_5 = 1Would you call yourself a ...think of self as a DemocratQ7_5 = 2Would you call yourself a ...think of self as an Independent or of another political party, or have no party preferenceQ7_5 = 3--5, 999Do you think of yourself as closer to the ...party ID -- most recent answer (7-point scale)In general, do you think of yourself as ...We'd like to get your feelings toward some people. \\ Please rate the person on a thermometer that runs from 0 to 100 degrees. Rating above 50 means that you feel favorable and warm toward the person. Rating below 50 means that you feel unfavorable and cool toward the person. \\ The (first / next) person is __. Where on the thermometer would you rate __? \\ [Show response scale as thermometer from 0 to 100.]George W. BushBarack ObamaJohn McCain @ 11/5/08--11/14/08Joe Biden @ 11/5/08--11/14/08Sarah Palinheard about presidential campaign from newspapersQ3rB_5 = 1What newspaper or newspapers do you read regularly? Please list their complete names as well as you can, along with the city where they are published.This question is about the 2008 November election. In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren't registered, they were sick, or they just didn't have time. Which of the following statements best describes you?voted in presidential electionQ18_5 = 4Some states allow individuals to vote before Election Day, that is vote early at a polling station or by filling out an absentee ballot. How about you? Did you vote early in the November election or did you vote on Election Day?early voted in presidential electionQ19_5 = 1How did you cast your ballot?early voted in presidential electionQ19_5 = 1When did you cast your ballot early in the general election?voted in presidential electionQ18_5 = 4In the 2008 presidential election who did you vote for?early voted in presidential electionQ19_5 = 1If you voted at the polls on Election Day, would your vote for president have been different than it was on your early ballot?voted in presidential electionQ18_5 = 4When did you finally decide for whom to vote in the presidential election?voted in presidential electionQ18_5 = 4In deciding your vote for president, was the race of the candidate ...In the November election you were able to vote for a member of Congress, that is the US House of Representatives in Washington. Did you vote for ...In the election you were able to vote for a US senator. Did you vote for ...There was also a special election for US senator in your state. In that election, did you vote for ...In the election you were able to vote for governor. Did you vote for ...rated favorability of ObamaQ13_5 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about Barack Obama? If so, please fill in the boxes below.rated favorability of McCainQ14_5 = 0--100Is there anything in particular that you like or dislike about John McCain? If so, please fill in the boxes below.{ @ 11/5/08--11/14/08 : Here are some questions about the presidential candidates. Below are left-right scales on which you can rate characteristics of the candidates. \\ For the item below, the far left side of the scale means that you think the candidate is extremely "trustworthy." Placing the slider on the far right side means that you think the candidate is extremely "untrustworthy." The middle means that you think the candidate is not particularly toward one end or the other.}Where would you rate __ on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.] @ 11/5/08--11/14/08John McCain @ 11/5/08--11/14/08Barack ObamaIn the past 12 months, have you participated in any of the following activities on behalf of a candidate for elected office?given money to a campaignworked for a campaigntold any people why they should vote for or against a candidategone to a political meeting, speech, dinner, or things like thatworn campaign buttons, put campaign stickers on your car, or placed a sign in your window or in front of your houseIn the past 12 months, did someone else try to tell you why you should vote for or against a candidate?Which one of these five issues is the most important facing the country?Do you mainly consider yourself ...Which comes closer to your view?How much would you say you know about each of these people? For each name, please tell us whether you know quite a lot, a fair amount, a little, or almost nothing at all about this person. @ 11/5/08--11/14/08Barack Obama @ 11/5/08--11/14/08John McCainUsing this scale that ranges from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, where would you place each of these candidates? Just click "don't know" if you don't know enough to rate the person.Barack ObamaJohn McCainWe are interested in how people are getting along financially these days.Would you say that you and your family living here are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as you were a year ago?Thinking about the economy in the country as a whole, would you say that over the past year the nation's economy has gotten better, stayed about the same, or gotten worse?heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ3rA_5 = 1 or Q3rC_5 = 1Below are some additional television programs. Which of these do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from television news or talk programsQ3rA_5 = 1 or Q3rC_5 = 1Here is the last list of television programs. Please check any that you watch at least once a month.heard about presidential campaign from radio news or talk showsQ3rE_5 = 1Which of the following radio programs do you listen to regularly? Please check any that you listen to at least once a month.There has been much talk recently about whether gays and lesbians should have the legal right to marry someone of the same sex. Which of the following options comes closest to your position on this issue?Which of the following plans for United States policy in Iraq comes closest to your own position?Please indicate whether you favor or oppose each of the following proposals addressing immigration. @ 11/5/08--11/14/08provide a path to citizenship for some illegal aliens who agree to return to their home country for a period of time and pay substantial fines @ 11/5/08--11/14/08increase border security by building a fence along part of the US border with Mexicoreference point for questions about social group perceptionsHere are some questions about various groups in our society. Below are left-right scales on which you can rate characteristics of people in different groups. \\ For the item below, the far left side of the scale means that you think most of the people in that group are extremely "hardworking." Placing the slider on the far right side means that you think most of the people in that group are extremely "lazy." The middle means that you think the people in this group are not particularly toward one end or the other.respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_5 = 1--6Where would you rate physicians in general on this scale? \\ [Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]Randomly display ^vQ57_5^--^vQ59_5^ next, ^vQ60_5^--^vQ62_5^ after ^vQ65_5^; or ^vQ60_5^--^vQ62_5^ next, ^vQ57_5^--^vQ59_5^ after ^vQ65_5^.Where would you rate ([if white in ^vSOC-REF_5^:] whites / [if black:] blacks / [if Hispanic:] Hispanic Americans) in general on these scales?respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_5 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_5 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely intelligent" at left, "extremely unintelligent" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_5 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]Where would you rate ([if non-black in ^vSOC-REF_5^:] blacks / [if black:] whites) in general on these scales?respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_5 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely hardworking" at left, "extremely lazy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_5 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely intelligent" at left, "extremely unintelligent" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.]respondent is white, black, or HispanicSOC-REF_5 = 1--6[Show response scale as horizontal slider with "extremely trustworthy" at left, "extremely untrustworthy" at right. Do not display numeric equivalents to respondent.] @ 11/5/08--11/14/08Do you favor or oppose the federal government in Washington negotiating more free trade agreements like NAFTA?Which of the following options comes closest to your view on what we should be doing about federal income taxes?Which of the following options comes closest to your view on abortion?How confident are you that the votes across the country were accurately counted on Election Day?How much do you feel that having elections makes the government pay attention to what the people think: a good deal, some, or not much?How much do you feel that political parties help to make the government pay attention to what the people think: a good deal, some, or not much?In general, do you think the best candidates win the elections, or is it just the candidates who raise the most money that get elected, or something in between?In some countries, people believe their elections are conducted fairly. In other countries, people believe that their elections are conducted unfairly. Do you believe presidential elections in the United States are generally ...Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. \\ Black elected officials are more likely to __.favor blacks for government jobs over white applicantssupport government spending that favors blackssupport policies that could cost whites jobsgive special favors to the black communityThinking about the statements you just read, would it be good or bad if black elected officials favored blacks?In general, do you think race relations in the United States are very good, fairly good, fairly bad, very bad, or neither good nor bad?Over the course of the past 10 years, do you feel that race relations have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?Looking ahead 10 years from today, do you feel that race relations will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?Do you think that most white Americans hold the following perceptions of black Americans, or not? \\ The perception that blacks __are lazyare religiousare less intelligent than whitesare better athletes than whiteshave no self-disciplineare patrioticare good parentsare more likely to abuse drugs and alcoholrespondent is blackSOC-REF_5 = 3, 4Is it more important for blacks to build good relations with whites or for blacks to build pride and respect for themselves, even if it means causing tension between blacks and whites?Please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements.respondent is blackSOC-REF_5 = 3, 4Blacks should have control over the economy in mostly black communities.respondent is blackSOC-REF_5 = 3, 4Black people should shop in stores owned by other blacks whenever possible. @ 11/5/08--11/14/08respondent is blackSOC-REF_5 = 3, 4Do you think what happens generally to black people in this country will have something to do with what happens in your life, or not? @ 11/5/08--11/14/08think what happens to blacks in the country will affect own life (and respondent is black)Q90_5 = 1Will it affect you a lot, some, or not very much?